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Pharmacology of drugs in saliva , Pharmacology

المؤلف:  Sue Jickells , Adam Negrusz (Editors)

المصدر:  Clarkes Analytical Forensic Toxicology

الجزء والصفحة:  173

2026-10-08

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Pharmacology of drugs in saliva

Pharmacology

The passage of ethanol into saliva and the close correlation between saliva and blood alcohol concentrations was reported in the 1930s (Friedemann et al. 1938). Jones (1979b, c) reported an ethanol saliva: plasma ratio of 1.077, with a range of 0.84–1.36 in 48 male subjects between 1 and 3 hours after ingestion of 0.72 g/kg ethanol in a fasting condition. Variation was determined by analysis to result equally from inter- and intra-individual components. Individual variation in saliva: plasma ratios showed no systematic variation through the absorption, distribution and elimination phases of ethanol metabolism. Jones (1993) confirmed this value with a measured saliva : plasma ratio of 1.094 in 21 male volunteers. McColl et al. (1979) found a highly significant linear correlation between blood ethanol concentrations and those in mixed saliva obtained before and after rinsing and drying the mouth, and parotid saliva. McColl pointed out that this only applies if the saliva ethanol is determined in saliva obtained more than 20 minutes after ingestion of ethanol.

Haeckel and Buck Litsch (1987) reported that ethanol concentrations reached higher peak concentrations in saliva than in peripheral blood. Newman and Abramson (1942) correlated saliva alcohol concentrations with ethanol’s effects on performance. Jones (1993) compared saliva, breath and blood concentration–time profiles. Saliva concentrations were higher than blood and breath concentrations. All three correlated equally well with measures of alcohol’s effects. Maximum impairment was reached at the same time as peak saliva, blood and breath levels.