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Pharmacology of drugs in saliva Amfetamines (amfetamine, methamfetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDEA)

المؤلف:  Sue Jickells , Adam Negrusz (Editors)

المصدر:  Clarkes Analytical Forensic Toxicology

الجزء والصفحة:  178

2026-10-08

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Pharmacology of drugs in saliva

Amfetamines (amfetamine, methamfetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDEA)

Amfetamine, methamfetamine, methylene dioxy methamfetamine (3,4-methylenedioxy methamfetamine or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N methylamfetamine; MDMA), 3,4-methylene dioxyamfetamine (MDA) and other amfetamine class drugs can be found in saliva. Parent drug rather than amfetamine metabolites is found in saliva. The saliva: plasma ratio for amfetamine is 2.76 and for methamfetamine it is 3.98. When amfetamine was administered to subjects as a racemic mixture, both d- and l-isomers were found in saliva (Wan et al. 1978). Saliva has been found to be positive for methamfetamine as long as 50 hours after dosing (Suzuki et al. 1989). Cook et al. (1993) compared methamfetamine concentrations in saliva and plasma of volunteers who were administered the drug by smoking and intravenous routes. The excretion profile of MDMA and its metabolites in saliva and in plasma after ingestion of a single 100 mg dose has been reported (Navarro et al. 2001). In eight healthy volunteers, salivary concentrations peaked at 1.5 hours after ingestion and the peak values ranged from 1.73 to 6.51 mg/L. These peak values corresponded to an average saliva: plasma ratio of 18.1 (7.9 SD). The time profile of theS/Pratio was also reported, with the peak occurring at 1.5 hours followed by a decline to a plateau between 7.3 and 6.4 at 10 and 24 hours after dosing. MDA was found in saliva at concentrations approximately 4–5% of MDMA concentrations (relative area under the curve; AUC), with highest concentrations between 1.5 and 4 hours afterdosing.4-Hydroxy 3-methoxymethamfetamine (HMMA) was detected in trace amounts in saliva. Samyn et al. (2002a) quantified MDMA, MDA and methylene dioxymethylamfetamine (MDEA) concentrations in 50 lL of oral fluid by LC-MS/MS. Kintz (1997) reported the detection of N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-but anamine (MBDB) in saliva. Peak saliva concentrations were observed at 2 hours, and both MBDB and the demethylated metabolite, BDB, were detected in saliva for 17 hours.