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Meaning in the empirical study of language
المؤلف:
Nick Riemer
المصدر:
Introducing Semantics
الجزء والصفحة:
C1-P1
2026-04-02
351
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In this chapter we will introduce some important concepts for the study of semantics. In 1.1 we place the notion of linguistic meaning in the wider context of human communication and behaviour. Section 1.2 then examines some of the vocabulary that English and other languages use for ordinary talk about meaning in language and related phenomena. A consideration of how this everyday non-technical vocabulary varies cross-linguistically can show some of the important different aspects of linguistic meaning. In section 1.3 the semiotic triangle of mind, world and language is discussed, followed in 1.4 by an intro duction to five fundamental concepts:
◆ lexemes;
◆ sense and reference;
◆ denotation and connotation;
◆ compositionality; and
◆ levels of meaning.
Next (1.5), we introduce the concepts of object language and metalanguage, and distinguish a number of different possible relations between the language in which meanings are described (the ‘metalanguage’) and the language whose meanings are described (the ‘object language’). We will then consider three different identifications of meaning: meanings as objects in the world (referents: 1.6.1), as objects in the mind (concepts: 1.6.2), and as brain states (1.6.3). An alternative identification is the notion of meanings as uses, dis cussed in 1.6.4. To end the chapter, we consider a view of meaning on which meanings are unobservable, hypothetical constructs posited to explain facts about language use (1.7).
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