Cognitive model: temporal sequence
المؤلف:
Vyvyan Evans and Melanie Green
المصدر:
Cognitive Linguistics an Introduction
الجزء والصفحة:
C3P86
2025-12-07
45
Cognitive model: temporal sequence
The third model relates to the concepts EARLIER and LATER. Unlike the previous two models, this one does not involve an ego. Instead, a temporal event is understood relative to another earlier or later temporal event. The model is illustrated in Figure 3.18, and linguistic examples are given in (47).
In these English examples, LATER follows EARLIER: the earlier event, Monday, is understood as being located in front of the later event, Tuesday. In other words, it is relative to Tuesday rather than the ego (the subjective experience of ‘now’) that Monday is EARLIER. Figure 3.18 captures this as directionality is signalled by the arrow. Earlier events (events are represented by the small circles) are understood as being located in front of later events.
Time-based versus ego-based models
Distinguishing ego-based models from time-based models resolves a puzzling fact in English. Consider the following examples:
In (48), events relating to the future are conceptualised as being ahead and events relating to the past as being behind. In (49), later events are behind (‘following’), and earlier events are ahead (‘preceding’). This apparent paradox is reconciled by understanding that each pair of examples rests upon a different cognitive model. The examples in (48) relate to ego-based models for TIME, where time is conceptualised relative to the speaker. In contrast, the examples in (49) relate to the temporal sequence model, which is time-based rather than ego-based: time is conceptualised relative to some other event. As these examples show, the ‘location’ of a temporal event is interpreted differently depending on what kind of cognitive model is involved. Moreover, the different models relate to different sorts of lexical concepts: PAST/FUTURE in ego-based models and EARLIER/LATER in the time-based model.
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
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