Seminal Fluid Analysis (S .F. A)

Or Semen analysis

Macroscopic examination

1_ the colour:

The colour of normal ejaculate is whitish_gray ,while the yellowish colour of semen indicate to presense of high concentration of leucocytes , red colour  revealed presense of R.B.Cs because of bleeding of genital tract

2_ PH :

Normal semen is alkaline (2.7_8) at the time of ejaculate

3_ Viscosity and liquefaction time:

to enzyme coagulation of protein like metrial secreted by the seminal vesicales. Freshly ejaculatated semen is liquid that is rapidly converted to a gelatenous state due Within the next half hour it is gradually reliquefied by the action of a proteolytic fibrinolysin in the prostate secretion .viscosity measure with flow the semen drop by drop.

4_ Volume:

The ejaculate semen volume estimate by gradual test tube. The normal volyme about 2_6 ml

Microscopic examination

1_ Sperm concentration and total count:

The sperm concentration can be estimated roughly from multiply the mean number of spermatozoa in seminal microscopic field under 40x objective with million . also we can estimate the sperm concentration by heamocytometer by suking awell mixed semen up to the mark 0.5 (W.B.Cs count pipette) and complete the volume up to mark 11 of pipette with normal saline .One drop at heamocytometer chamber and read the sperm number within the five sequar which R.B.Cs calculate in it the aperm concentration estimate by follow equation

Sperm concentration = No.of sperm x replicate factor

The total count of spermatozoa for whole ejaculate can estimate by follow equation

Total count = sperm conc. X volume

2_percant of motility

Adrop of liqified seminal fluid placed between warm slide and cover slip .it was counted the motile spermatozoa in ten randomly field away from cover slip edge,and divid by the total conc. And multiplying with 100

The grade of progression show by the majority of the sperm this can be from 0 (all immotile ) to 4 ( all with rapid progression ) or from a to d  . differential motility classification is based on the distece swim over time :

_Rapid progressive : >25 Mm /s

_Slow progression : 5_25 Mm /s

_ Non _ progression : <5 Mm / s

_ Immolile : no flagellar movement

The WHOs reference values for motility are :

_ 50% or more with progressive motility or

_ 25% or more with rapid progressive motility

3_ Sperm morphology :

For assessment normal sperm morphology thin smear of semen were prepared and stining with heamatoxylin or papaniclaous stain , after counted at 100 spermatozoa could be calculate the percentage normal or abnormal spermatozoa .

_the abnormal spermatozoa divided in to :

A_ Primary abnormalities

There are related with head abnormal , round head ,double head , macrocephalic , microcephalic , tapred head , no head , and head with acrosome damage

B_ Secondary abnormalities :

 There are related with middle piece it was observed the cytoplasmic droplet around the neck of spermatozoa

C_ Tertiary abnormalities :

There are related with tail abnormality , with double tail , coiled tail , beant tail , broken tail and absent tail

4_ leukocytes and pgagocytes concentration :

Inflammantary cells in semen sample can be estimated rouphly or by heamocytometer . the normal conc. Of leukocytes is fewer 1 million / ml and phagocytes is 0.5 million /ml .

5_ Viability

If more than 50 % of spermatozoa are immotile . the proportion of life srematozoa  must be determined by means of asupervital staining or eosin 5% . the live spermatozoa not staining , while the dead spermatozoa were stained .

6_ Immature cells :

These cells noted especially in oligozoospermia semen sample . these cella are round in shape and estimate as number per high power field ( H. P.F ) .