Chemical Action in the Cell
المؤلف:
GEORGE A. HOADLEY
المصدر:
ESSENTIALS OF PHYSICS
الجزء والصفحة:
p-347
2025-12-01
186
The phenomena taking place in the cell are practically as follows: When the zinc goes into solution with the H₂SO4, it does so in the form of ions, i.e., atoms or groups of atoms, charged with positive electricity. These zinc ions leave the zinc plate negatively charged by the separation, and displace positive hydrogen ions in the solution H2SO4, forming zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). The positive ions of displaced hydrogen, repelled by the positive ions of zinc in the solution, move to the copper plate, and, discharging their positive electricity upon it, pass off in the form of hydrogen gas. In chemical symbols the action is as follows:
The migration, as it is called, of positive H ions toward the copper, and of negative SO4 ions toward the zinc, depends upon the dissociation of some of the molecules of the H2SO4 into hydrogen, HH, and sulphion, SO4, in the solution.
If the cell is on an open circuit, this action diminishes as the charges on the plates increase, and finally stops,
The action stops when the attraction of - SO4 ions for + zinc ions is counterbalanced by the attraction of the - zinc plate for the + zinc ions; and when the repulsion of the + zinc ions against the + hydrogen ions is counterbalanced by that of the + copper plate. If the cell is on a closed circuit, the positive charge on the copper plate discharges through the circuit and neutralizes the negative charge on the zinc plate, producing an electric current, and the action is continuous.
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