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Assessment
SENSORY MEMORY
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P262
2025-10-09
36
+
-
20
SENSORY MEMORY
A briefly retained record of a stimulus in its raw form. Divided into:
Iconic memory. A short-lived imprint on the mind of an exact visual image– including the image of words encountered in reading. The trace may be retained for about a quarter of a second without being categorised (e.g. matched to letters). An alternative view is that the image is processed for about half a second, enabling perceptual faculties at different levels to determine first location (e.g. letter order) and then identity.
Echoic memory. A short-lived verbatim memory of a piece of speech. Echoic memory may last for at least 2 seconds. It has been suggested that it consists of two phases– a sensory one of about a quarter of a second and a longer one with the information categorised phonetically, which lasts another 3–4 seconds. Echoic memory appears to last rather longer than iconic. Recall of the last digit in a list is significantly better when the list is presented in spoken form than when it is presented in written– suggesting that we do indeed retain a brief ‘echo’ of what has just been said.
See also: Verbatim recall, Working memory
Further reading: Kellogg (1995: Chap. 2)
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
