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oxicological screening , Paraquat and diquat

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2026-10-17

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oxicological screening

Paraquat and diquat

Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridylium chloride) is the most important bipyridyl herbicide. Although deaths are reported from accidental paraquat exposure by inhalation and trans dermal absorption, accidental or deliberate intake is nearly always by oral ingestion. Diquat is less toxic than paraquat. Granular preparations usually contain 2.5% of paraquat and 2.5% of diquat; liquid preparations may contain 20% w/v of paraquat only. Measurement of the plasma paraquat concentration is a useful prognostic test and Scherrman et al. (1983) have published a nomogram of the relationship between time after ingestion, plasma concentration and probable outcome. The main use of an assay is to prevent overtreatment of patients who are not at risk or who have no chance of survival. Paraquat can be measured in plasma by immunoassay, although the methods are not widely available. HPLC methods have also been described.