THE EXCLAMATIVE AND

IMPERATIVE CLAUSE TYPES

SUMMARY

1 Exclamative clauses open with a wh- element what or how, followed by a NG or adjective/adverb, respectively. Like the declarative, they have Subject-Finite ordering. Exclamative what is a determinative (What a mess!), while how functions as a degree adverb (How strange it was!), unlike pronominal what and manner adverb how in wh- interrogatives (What is it? How is she?). They are used to make exclamative statements.

2 The imperative consists of the base form of the verb alone, without modals, tense or aspect (Stop!). This can be preceded by the negative form don’t or emphatic do. There is no overt subject, but a 2nd person subject (stressed you) can be added, usually for purposes of contrast with another person (You sit down and I’ll stand). Somebody, everybody, nobody can also be used and, like you, refer to the addressee(s). These, and other forms, can also be used as vocatives. A polite clause tag is will you? Let’s is the imperative particle used for a 1st person imperative, typically suggesting a joint action. It is to be distinguished from the lexical verb let, from which it derived. The unmarked function of imperatives is to issue a directive.

3 Reduced clauses are extremely common in spoken English and fulfil an important interactive function. They include abbreviated clauses (basically S-F or F-S in structure) that function independently, question tags, verbless clauses of various degrees of ellipsis, echoes, and freestanding subordinate clauses (which it does).

4 The subjunctive is not a clause type but a verb form. It remains outside the system of clause types and has a very limited use in British English, rather more in American English.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

ملتقى الكوثر الثالث يشهد عرض مشهد حواري بعنوان شريك العمر أم شريك الفكر؟

إقامة مسابقة (مرفأ النور) العلمية للمشاركات في فعاليات ملتقى الكوثر بنسخته الثالثة

ضمن ملتقى الكوثر الثالث.. ورشة تسلط الضوء على بناء الوعي القرآني لدى النساء

شعبة فاطمة بنت أسد (عليها السلام): ملتقى الكوثر منصةً لتحقيق وعي أسري مستند للقرآن الكريم

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

نظام غذائي شائع قد يؤدي إلى ارتفاع الكوليسترول الضار

تحذيرات هامة من عواقب تناول "أيبوبروفين" مع أدوية شائعة

علامات مبكرة للإيبولا يمكن الخلط بينها وبين الإنفلونزا

خبراء: الفيروسات مثل هانتا وإيبولا أصبحت أكثر شيوعا وفتكاً

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

الليلة.. هلال القمر يلتقي كوكبي الزهرة والمشتري

إيلون ماسك يخسر دعواه القضائية أمام أوبن إيه.آي

مهمة فضائية "أوروبية صينية" لكشف أسرار الرياح الشمسية

انتهاء رحلة "السفينة الموبوءة".. وهذا مصير من بقي على متنها

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

CONCEPTUALISING EXPERIENCES EXPRESSED AS SITUATION TYPES PROCESSES, PARTICIPANTS, CIRCUMSTANCES

Clause combinations

CLAUSE TYPES AND SPEECH ACT FORCE: SUMMARY TABLE

QUESTIONS, CLAUSE TYPES AND DISCOURSE FUNCTIONS SUMMARY

QUESTIONS, CLAUSE TYPES AND DISCOURSE FUNCTIONS RHETORICAL QUESTIONS

INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS, CLAUSE TYPES AND DISCOURSE FUNCTIONS SUMMARY

INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS, CLAUSE TYPES AND DISCOURSE FUNCTIONS PERFORMATIVES AND THE DECLARATIVE

THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN ENGLISH

VERBLESS AND FREESTANDING SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

THE EXCLAMATIVE AND IMPERATIVE CLAUSE TYPES THE EXCLAMATIVE

THE DECLARATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE CLAUSE TYPES SUMMARY

QUESTION TAGS