The configuration of SPACE and TIME

We begin this section by revisiting the domains of SPACE and TIME. These conceptual domains have been recurring themes throughout the earlier parts of the book (see Chapters 3, 6 and 7 for example), and will continue to be prominent throughout Part III. Talmy views these as the primary basic domains.

The neutral term quantity is used by Talmy to refer to the content of these conceptual domains. The quantity that exists in the domain of SPACE is matter, which may be either continuous or discrete. We return to these terms directly, but for the time being we can think of ‘continuous’ matter as having no inherent ‘segmentation’ in its composition; this type of matter is mass, illustrated by AIR. Discrete matter, on the other hand, does have inherent ‘segmentation’, and this type of matter characterises objects which can be divided into parts, like the entity BIKE. The quantity that exists in the domain of TIME is action, which can also be continuous or discrete. Continuous action, like (to) SLEEP, is called activity. Discrete action, like (to) BREATHE, is described as an act. The difference between these two types of action is that it is not possible to describe the sub-parts of sleeping (unless you are a sleep specialist), while breathing is characterised by a series of distinct subparts (inhaling and exhaling). This partition of the domains of SPACE and TIME is summarised in Table 15.1.

 The difference between the domains of TIME and SPACE is that while TIME has the property of progression, SPACE is static. ‘Progression’ means that the quantity within this domain is made up of a sequence of distinct representations because it changes from one instance to the next. By way of illustration, imagine photographing someone engaged in an activity like stroking a cat. Each of the photographs you take will be different from the previous one, and together they portray the activity. In contrast, change is not an inherent property of objects, although of course objects can be involved in processes of change.

According to Talmy, these two conceptual domains are reflected in the way the grammatical subsystem encodes and externalises patterns of thought (the CR). In other words, the distinction between the domains of SPACE and TIME is reflected in grammatical structure. In the most general terms, verbs or verb phrases prototypically encode entities from the domain of TIME (activity and acts), while nouns or noun phrases prototypically encode entities from the domain of SPACE (masses and objects). This is illustrated by the examples in Table 15.2.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

انعقاد الجلسة البحثية باللغة الإنكليزية ضمن فعاليات المؤتمر التمهيدي لألفية حوزة النجف الأشرف

مقالة علمية تناقش الأهمية البالغة في معرفة مشايخ الشيخ الطوسي (قدس سره)

دراسة علمية تثبت تاريخ تأليف الشيخ الطوسي لكتاب الفهرست

باحث يقدم دراسة علمية بعنوان (الشيخ الطوسي والكبرى الرجالية تأصيلًا وتطبيقًا)

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

اللوز.. "كنز صحي" يحمي دماغك

رفض اعتماد "لقاح موديرنا" للإنفلونزا.. وكشف الأسباب ؟

تحذير طبي من مرض شائع يزيد خطر الإصابة بنوعين من السرطان

الإنفلونزا لا تضرب الرئة فقط.. دراسة تكشف خطرها على القلب

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

سلاح طبي في ساحات الحرب.. رذاذ يوقف النزيف خلال ثانية !

مايكروسوفت تدق ناقوس الخطر وتحذر من "الذكاء الاصطناعي الخفي"

الإمارات تطلق شراكة عالمية مع ستارلينك لإتاحة التعليم الرقمي

"أوبن إيه آي" تختبر عرض الإعلانات داخل محادثات chatgpt

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Conceptual alternativity

Conceptual Structuring System Model of Talmy

The grammatical subsystem: encoding semantic structure

The conceptual basis of grammar

Cognitive approaches to grammar summery

Sanctioning and grammaticality

Schemas and instances

Features of the closed-class subsystem

Grammatical knowledge: a structured inventory of symbolic units

Characteristics of the cognitive approach to grammar

Agreement and case

Grammatical functions