المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية
المرجع الألكتروني للمعلوماتية

English Language
عدد المواضيع في هذا القسم 6095 موضوعاً
Grammar
Linguistics
Reading Comprehension

Untitled Document
أبحث عن شيء أخر
غزوة الحديبية والهدنة بين النبي وقريش
2024-11-01
بعد الحديبية افتروا على النبي « صلى الله عليه وآله » أنه سحر
2024-11-01
المستغفرون بالاسحار
2024-11-01
المرابطة في انتظار الفرج
2024-11-01
النضوج الجنسي للماشية sexual maturity
2024-11-01
المخرجون من ديارهم في سبيل الله
2024-11-01

عوامل الضبط الاجتماعي
5-6-2022
تعريف الغُلوّ
2-1-2019
الشيخ محسن ابن الشيخ عبد الكريم
18-1-2018
تفسير الأية (71-76) من سورة الحج
18-9-2020
الاثار الفنية والمعمارية القتبانية
13-11-2016
القواعد الأساسية لكتابة النص الإعلاني الفعال- اعقد المقارنات
11-10-2021

The Canadian pattern for foreign (a) words  
  
537   11:08 صباحاً   date: 2024-03-27
Author : Charles Boberg
Book or Source : A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
Page and Part : 358-20

The Canadian pattern for foreign (a) words

The phonological adaptation or nativization of loan words can be a source of variation in any language. In English, one of the most remarkable examples of this variation concerns the nativization of foreign words containing the letter <a>, usually representing a low-central vowel quality in the source language, e.g. falafel, karate, llama, macho, nirvana, pasta, plaza, souvlaki, taco, etc. Such words are usually nativized with either /æ/ (TRAP) or /a:/ (PALM) as their stressed vowel, but each major national variety of English has developed its own pattern of assignment. British English tends to use /æ/, except where spelling and other factors conspire to suggest that the syllable should be treated as open, in which case /a:/ must occur, given the restriction on /æ/ in stressed open syllables. Thus pasta has /æ/, while llama has /a:/. American English, by contrast, prefers to use /a:/: both pasta and llama have /a:/ (which is not distinct from /ɒ/  [LOT] in most American dialects). The traditional Canadian pattern, however, is to use /æ/ in almost all foreign (a) words, even when both British and American English agree on /a:/. The only regular exception to this is in final stressed open syllables (bra, eclat, faux pas, foie gras, spa, etc.), where /æ/ cannot appear. While many younger Canadians are beginning to follow the American pattern in some instances (relatively few young people still use /æ/ in macho or taco), most Canadians retain /æ/ in both pasta and llama, and even in older loan words like drama, garage, and Slavic, where it may sound odd to speakers of other varieties (Boberg 2000).