المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية
المرجع الألكتروني للمعلوماتية

English Language
عدد المواضيع في هذا القسم 6095 موضوعاً
Grammar
Linguistics
Reading Comprehension

Untitled Document
أبحث عن شيء أخر
غزوة الحديبية والهدنة بين النبي وقريش
2024-11-01
بعد الحديبية افتروا على النبي « صلى الله عليه وآله » أنه سحر
2024-11-01
المستغفرون بالاسحار
2024-11-01
المرابطة في انتظار الفرج
2024-11-01
النضوج الجنسي للماشية sexual maturity
2024-11-01
المخرجون من ديارهم في سبيل الله
2024-11-01

الحارث بن قيس.
24-12-2016
الفريضة في نصاب البقر.
7-1-2016
Separatrix
12-10-2021
أن القرآن شرف للمؤمن يوم القيامة
16-8-2021
معنى كلمة نار
10-1-2016
العنف مع الأولاد ....من اخطاء التربية
25-1-2017

scale-and-category grammar  
  
733   04:51 مساءً   date: 2023-11-13
Author : David Crystal
Book or Source : A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
Page and Part : 423-19


Read More
Date: 14-6-2022 526
Date: 2023-06-17 666
Date: 9-6-2022 671

scale-and-category grammar

A LINGUISTIC theory devised by the British linguist M. A. K. Halliday in the early 1960s in which the STRUCTURE of LANGUAGE is seen as an intersecting set of scales and CATEGORIES operating at different LEVELS. Several levels of organization are recognized. At the level of SUBSTANCE, the physical DATA of speech or writing are defined in PHONIC or GRAPHIC terms. The organization of substance into linguistic CONTRASTS is carried out at the level of FORM, GRAMMAR and LEXIS being the two main subdivisions. PHONOLOGY is seen as an ‘inter-level’ connecting the level of substance and form. CONTEXT is a further ‘inter-level’, connecting the level of form with the extralinguistic SITUATION. Linguistic analysis in this view proceeds by establishing four theoretical ‘categories’ – UNITS, STRUCTURES, CLASSES and SYSTEMS – and interrelating these by the ‘scales’ of RANK, EXPONENCE and DELICACY. (This use of ‘scale’ should not be confused with that found in phonology, in relation to STRENGTH values.) In the late 1960s, parts of this approach were superseded by a SYSTEMIC MODEL of analysis.