Died: 16 December 1933 in Giessen, Germany

Ludwig Schlesinger started elementary school in Trnava and, moving to high school, he attended the Realschule in Presburg, now Bratislava (Slovakia). He then studied mathematics and physics at the universities of Heidelberg and Berlin between 1896 and 1887, and he received a doctorate from the University of Berlin in 1887 for a thesis on differential equations entitled: Über lineare homogene Differentialgleichungen vierter Ordnung, zwischen deren Integralen homogene Relationen höheren als ersten Grades bestehen. His thesis advisors were Lazarus Immanuel Fuchs and Leopold Kronecker.

In 1889 Schlesinger became an associate professor at the University of Berlin; in 1897, invited professor at the University of Bonn, and in the same year he was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Kolozsvár, Hungary (now Cluj, Romania). He served as head of the department of higher mathematics and, in 1906-07, he was the dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences. In 1911 he left Kolozsvár and moved to the University of Giessen, Germany, where he continued to teach until he retired in 1930.

In 1902 Schlesinger was elected as a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and in 1909 he was honoured with the award of the Lobachevsky Prize.

Ludwig Schlesinger wrote many papers for scientific periodicals and journals. Papers such as Sur la détermination des fonctions algébriques uniformes sur une surface de Riemann donnée (1903), Über isoliertwertige Funktionen (1905), Über asymptotische Darstellungen der Lösungen linearer Differentialsysteme als Funktionen eines Parameters (1907) are examples of his publications in the frst decade of the 20^th century. Near the end of his career he published articles such as Parallelverschiebung und Krümmungstensor (1928), Über die hypergeometrischen Differentialsysteme (1928), Neue Grundlagen für einen Infinitesimalkalkul der Matrizen (1931), and Weitere Beiträge zum Infinitesimalkalkul der Matrizen (1932). Perhaps his most important work, as far as current mathematical research is concerned, was Über eine Klasse von Differentialsystemen beliebiger Ordnung mit festen kritischen Punkten which he published inCrelle's Journal in 1912. In this paper Schlesinger formulated the problem of isomonodromy deformations for a certain matrix Fuchsian equation. The problem which he was tackling was a special case of Hilbert's 23^rd problem, namely:

Prove the existence of linear differential equations having a prescribed monodromic group.

Schlesinger solved a particular case of the problem using Poincaré's theory of the Fuchsian zeta-functions. The paper introduces what today are known as the Schlesinger transformations and Schlesinger equations which have an important role in differential geometry.

Schlesinger is the author of Handbuch der Theorie der Linearen Differentialgleichungen (B G Teubner, Leipzig; Vol 1, 1895; Vol 2 Part 1, 1897; Vol. II, Part 2, 1898). This was reprinted by the Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York-London, in 1968. He also published Einführung in die Theorie der gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen auf funktionentheoretischer Grundlage (third edition, Leipzig, 1922). In 1920 he published Raum, zeit und relativitätstheorie; gemeinverständliche vorträge and four years later he publised the important monograph on automorphic functions Automorphe Funktionen (W de Gruyter & Co, Berlin, 1924). In 1926 Schlesinger published a book on Lebesgue integration and Fourier series in collaboration with Abraham Plessner. The work studies trigonometric series and the boundary behaviour of analytic functions.

Another of Schlesinger's interests was the history of mathematics and he made a number of important contributions to this topic. He translated Descartes' Geometrie into German and this was published by Mayer and Müller, Berlin, in 1894. A second edition was published in 1923 and reprinted by Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1969. He was an admirer of Gauss and he wrote related essays, like Über Gauss' Arbeiten zur Funktionentheorie 222 S Berlin, J Springer (C F Gauss. Werke Bd. X, 2). published in 1933 or C F Gauss: Fragmente zur Theorie des arithmetisch- geometrischen Mittels aus den Jahren 1797-1799 in Göttinger Nachrichten published in 1912.

After reading Zoárd Geöcze's papers during his stay at the University of Kolozsvár, Ludwig Schlesinger suggested to him that he write down his ideas and submit them to Comptes Rendus for publication.

At the Franz Joseph University he was one of the most dedicated organisers of the centenary festivities dedicated to the hundredth anniversary of János Bolyai. He identified the house in which János Bolyai was born and he held an excellent conference on the centenary festivity: Libellus post saeculum quam Ioannes Bolyai de Bolya anno MDCCCII a. d. XVIII kalendas Ianuarias Claudiopoli natus est ad celebrandam memoriam eius immortalem ex consilio ordinis mathematicorum et naturae scrutatorum Regiae LitterarumUniversitatis Hungaricae Francisco- Josephinae Claudiopolitanae editus / [red. Ludovicus Schlesinger]

Articles:

1.  Pinl, Kollegen in einer dunklen Zeit, Jber. Deutsch. Math.-Verein. 71 (1) (1969), 167-228.
2. B Szénássy, History of Mathematics in Hungary until the 20th Century (Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1992).
3. B Szénássy, A magyarországi matematika története (a legrégibb idöktöl a 20. század elejéig) (Budapest, 1970).
4. D Vachov, Calendar on the history of mathematics for 1983, Fiz.-Mat. Spis. B'lgar. Akad. Nauk. 26 (59) (1) (1984), 74-75.

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