

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
SCHIZOPHRENIA
المؤلف:
PAUL MALORET
المصدر:
Caring for People with Learning Disabilities
الجزء والصفحة:
P77-C5
2025-10-11
180
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Pilgrim (2005) describes schizophrenia as a disorder of thinking, perception, mood and behavior in which the individual loses touch with reality and often experiences impaired function in a range of areas. Classically, people suffering from schizophrenia will experience one or more of the following symptoms:
• Thought disturbance – belief that thoughts and feelings are being taken from their control and others are able to insert new thoughts into their minds.
• Hallucinations – seeing, hearing and smelling objects that are not really there. Sometimes, voices maybe heard that urge them to perform certain acts.
• Delusions – false belief about objects and events, such as delusions of grandeur, which describes a person who falsely believes that s/he is royal.
Prevalence of schizophrenia in people with learning disabilities has been reported to be as high as 3 per cent (Deb et al. 2001). This is far higher than that of the general, it may appear that this is possibly an under-representation of the actual number of cases. It could be suggested that the cause of schizophrenia lies with an inherited gene, whilst others would dis agree and propose that the condition is a product of environmental stress factors, such as abuse and social isolation. Zubin and Spring (1997) suggest that the cause is more likely to be a combination of these factors, i.e. that a biological element exists alongside social and stress factors. An example of this is a person who may have social problems such as being unemployed and/or have financial concerns, or may be suffering from stress caused by bereavement or a life-changing event. Therefore, if an inherited gene existed and that person was subjected to the mentioned stress and social factors, then she or he would be predisposed to developing a mental illness alongside the existing learning disability.
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