GENERATING AND TESTING HYPOTHESES

Classroom Example

Let’s look at a mainstream lesson designed to help students understand inductive reasoning and then review how to adapt it for ELLs at various stages of language acquisition.

Subject: Social Studies

Content Objective: To learn that conclusions should be based on a number of observations.

Tell students to take 5 to 10 minutes to go on an inductive outing. This means that you want them to walk around a designated area and carefully observe everything around them. Ask students to make a list of several specific things that they observe. When they return to the room from a walk around the school grounds, ask them to write a conclusion that they can draw about the area—about the building, the grounds, or the people they have seen. Remind them to make sure their conclusions are supported by three or four observations.

Likewise, when students return to the classroom from a walk around the neighborhood, explain that they need to be ready to share the pieces of evidence that led to their conclusions. For example, if they noticed that a particular house had skis hanging in the garage, a basketball hoop above the driveway, tennis rackets on the porch, and a volleyball net in the backyard, they could reasonably conclude that the people living there are very involved in sports. Figure 1 presents a graphic organizer that you can use to help students understand what kind of information you are looking for.

Preproduction

Students can draw what they see. Upon returning to the classroom, you can help these students with word selection by giving them vocabulary for what they have represented in their pictures.

English language learners will need multiple encounters with words they are discovering in order to learn and remember the meaning of these new words. Encourage students to continue their language learning outside the classroom by developing a fun method for them to bring in evidence of seeing, hearing, or using identified vocabulary words outside of the school environment.

Early Production

Students can also use pictorial representations for what they’ve seen. When they return to the classroom, you can work with them on getting them to name what is in their pictures. This is a good time to model English; if an ELL says, “That a mower,” the teacher correctly models, “Yes, that is a mower,” but does not blatantly call attention to the grammatical error.

Speech Emergence

Students will be able to list what they observed and draw conclusions. Their writing will likely be composed of short, simple sentences, so they will benefit from you showing them how to expand their written language with adjectives and adverbs.

Intermediate and Advanced Fluency

Students will be able to write observations and conclusions. Help them “sound like a book” by asking them (as well as the English dominant students) to write their conclusions as though they were detectives reporting on a news program.

The induction outing is a good way to introduce inductive reasoning to a class. You can use the strategies described here in any situation where students can make rich observations: on a field trip, during an assembly, when a movie is being shown, and so on. It is an experience that students enjoy, and it helps them to understand two important points about inductive reasoning: To discern patterns and connections, conclusions should be based on a number of observations; and conclusions that are based on inductive reasoning may or may not be accurate or true.

Preproduction and Early Production students should not be required to draw conclusions during the induction outing; they could work on vocabulary. Though there may be times when the language objective takes precedence over the content objective, this does not mean that ELLs are not learning or are not engaged in inductive reasoning. If you have ever been in a situation where you did not speak the language, you will know that you were constantly engaged in inductive reasoning as you were trying to figure out what was going on.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

المجمع العلمي للقرآن الكريم يصدر الكتاب الثاني من سلسلة يخشى

قسم الشعائر يكرّم أصحاب المواكب المشاركة في إحياء ذكرى شهادة السيدة الزهراء (عليها السلام)

جامعة العميد تستقبل طلبة المراحل الأولى المقبولين ضمن كلياتها للعام الدراسي الجديد

سماحة السيد الصافي يكرّم طلبة حفظ القرآن الكريم المتفوّقين ويؤكّد دور التدبّر في الهداية والتكامل

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

طبيب يكشف تأثير برودة الشتاء على النوم

دون أن تعلم.. 10 عادات يومية تسرع شيخوخة جسمك

تقرير: النيكوتين خطر على القلب مهما كانت الطريقة

أيهما أفضل لصحتك.. زبدة الفول السوداني أم النوتيلا؟

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

السعودية تدشن أكبر نظام لتخزين الكهرباء بالبطاريات في العالم !

بأمر تنفيذي.. ترامب يؤكد هدف عودة الأميركيين إلى القمر في عام 2028

بعيدا عن البشر.. "قتال جوي في الفضاء" بين أميركا والصين

كشف مذهل في قاع "برمودا" !

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Parents with Learning Disabilities CONCLUSION

PROVISION OF SUPPORT

CARING FOR CHILDREN

EUGENICS AND ETHICAL ISSUES

PARENTING

DISCRIMINATION AND DIVERSITY

THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Parents with Learning Disabilities

Legislation and Learning Disabilities CONCLUSION

LEGAL SAFEGUARDS

MENTAL CAPACITY ACT 2005

THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 1998