

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
DYSGRAPHIA: ACQUIRED
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P96
2025-08-15
587
DYSGRAPHIA: ACQUIRED
The loss or partial loss of the ability to write as the result of illness, accident or brain surgery. It is often associated with dyslexia, though it is possible for reading to be impaired without writing and vice versa.
Impairments involving the physical act of writing are termed peripheral dysgraphias. A patient may not be able to retrieve the letters that are needed, whether for the spelling of words or of non-words, but may be able to write letters perfectly. The reverse syndrome occurs where a patient is capable of a correct grapheme match but cannot form the letters.
There are three main types of central dysgraphia which are similar to the categories of central dyslexia. Some of the underlying causes may be similar.
In surface dysgraphia, once-familiar spellings cannot be retrieved but the patient makes an attempt to recall them on the basis of phonological information. Irregular spellings thus become regularised: biscuit ! BISKET. Sometimes patients show awareness that a spelling is irregular, but misallocate letters: yacht ! YHAGT. The condition may show impairment of the lexical (whole word) system.
In phonological dysgraphia, patients can spell familiar words correctly but are unable to devise spellings for dictated non-words. The condition appears to show impairment of the sound-spelling connection.
In deep dysgraphia, there are semantic errors like those of deep dyslexia, e.g. a patient wants to write chair but writes TABLE. Patients are better at writing concrete than abstract words. Typically, they are unable to write dictated non-words. The condition appears to show impairment of form-meaning associations; but a deep dysgraphic need not be a deep dyslexic.
See also: Disorder, Dyslexia: acquired
Further reading: Caplan (1992); Ellis (1993); Harris and Coltheart (1986)
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)