

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
The language of positive relationships and inclusive classrooms
المؤلف:
John Cornwall
المصدر:
Additional Educational Needs
الجزء والصفحة:
P223-C14
2025-05-06
671
The language of positive relationships and inclusive classrooms
We have outlined some of the important aspects of working alongside and supporting the learning of pupils with disabilities. Teaching assistants are a vital component in the inclusive activities of mainstream and special schools.
They are the vital link between the pupil or student and his or her learning opportunities. If these are to be equitable (may not be ‘equal’), then the learning support person is the vital factor in that equalization process. To sum up, it is important to realize that the process of inclusion requires cooperation and collaboration to solve problems. It involves understanding and needs actively working on over a period of time and then reviewing and re-visiting constantly. It is a process, not an end point. The road to inclusion is also a choice. People choosing inclusion, look at whole systems and only label partnerships at many levels. Inclusive educators, paramedic professionals and teaching assistants know through experience that they can solve virtually any student problem by getting together with the student and brainstorming on the problem. The people know the person involved intimately, and they care. The first label is citizen, then neighbor, relative or friend (some of whom may be psychologists and doctors). Inclusion proponents believe in technology and science which serves people and is not used to make profit or war at the expense of human beings (Forest and Pearpoint, 1991). To summarize:
■ We are unique in value; however, each has unique capacity.
■ All people can learn. Social development, (academic) achievement, movement skills, therapeutic outcomes and successful partnerships are all part of a LEARNING PROCESS.
■ All people have contributions to make towards ‘entitlement’ and ‘access’ and support is all about enabling disabled youngsters to make their contribution to the learning process.
■ We all have a responsibility and an opportunity to give every person the chance to make a contribution.
Approximately one in twenty children are considered disabled. Social policy research has revealed that families with disabled children experience a range of social and economic difficulties. However, most research into disabled childhood has been preoccupied with impairment, vulnerability and service usage, and has compounded a view of disabled children as passive and dependent. Moreover, the voices of disabled children themselves have frequently been excluded, as research has focused on the perspectives of parents, professionals and other adults. This has often had the effect of objectifying and silencing disabled children. As a consequence, research has often concealed the roles of disabled children as social actors, negotiating complex identities and social relationships within a disabling environment, and as agents of change who can adapt to, challenge and inform the individuals, cultures and institutions which they encounter during their childhoods. In such an environment, all children will feel better about themselves and learn more efficiently. We know that, when children feel these ABCs. They will also learn the famous educational three R’s (Forest and Pearpoint, 1991):
READING
‘RITING
RELATIONSHIPS
Relationships, seen in their broadest sense, are the building blocks of effective and good quality partnership. Partnerships between pupil or student and teaching assistant or teacher facilitate learning, and partnerships between teachers or teaching assistant in a school or college make for a pleasant and productive learning and working environment. The data from the study undertaken by Corker et al. (1999) challenges a universal concept of ‘a disabled child’ and instead identifies the range of ways in which accepted meanings and values are contested or reinforced in daily interactions and institutional practices. In reality, the mixing up of categories and dynamics of daily experience all suggest that listening to children’s voices leads to a more nuanced understanding of their lives. If this process, which demands that adults reflect on their practices, were part of policy and practice, then the structures that promote a disabling environment could begin to be dismantled.
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