

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Why is all this important and what does it have to do with current provision and inclusion of disabled children and young people into society and education?
المؤلف:
John Cornwall
المصدر:
Additional Educational Needs
الجزء والصفحة:
P209-C14
2025-05-02
820
Why is all this important and what does it have to do with current provision and inclusion of disabled children and young people into society and education?
It is interesting to note that the ‘inclusive’ policies of the late Victorian and early modern era were to put disabled children into these institutions so they could be properly ‘cared for’. The alternative for some was a miserable life on the street, begging or worse. For others, their families would care for them, whatever their means. Current ‘inclusive’ wisdom says that it is better for a child to be educated in a mainstream school in their local community. Rather like the Victorians, we could accept the current social dogma of the day and not question that this is the case. There are many arguments for diversity in education, as in life. What you, the reader, should consider in your professional capacity is not how severe or what the nature of a disability is, although this will inevitably be apparent, but whether the environment that the child or young person is attempting to learn in (and live in) goes some, if not all, of the way to meeting their needs.
This is an expression of what is called the ‘social model’ of education in which we all have a responsibility and the ability to adjust the physical, social and educational environment to enable a young person to achieve in the broadest sense. It is in direct contrast to the ‘medical model’ where all the problems are seen as ‘within the young person’ and their ability to achieve anything lies solely within the domain of so-called ‘experts’. There is absolutely no doubt that this view, spread abroad by the language of medical and psychological ‘experts’ (as in comparative studies of psychology and biology) has contributed greatly to a societal view of disabled people as ‘abnormal’. Other influences have been religion (it is God’s punishment), eugenics (breeding of the perfect human, prevalent in Europe and America in the 1920s and 1930s), and more recently media and advertising that promotes unreal stereotypes for us all to aspire to.
All these historical and ethical perspectives have an impact on what happens in classrooms every day. The deeper social and psychological influences that pervade professional practices cannot be ignored.
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