

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
What is known about the effectiveness of AACs?
المؤلف:
Janet Tod and Sue Soan
المصدر:
Additional Educational Needs
الجزء والصفحة:
P185-C12
2025-04-29
717
What is known about the effectiveness of AACs?
Advantages of AAC systems are:
■ They do not interfere with speech development and may encourage it.
■ They may involve modality, specific styles and strategies.
■ They can provide:
■ a means of communication for people at an early stage of development.
■ a means of communication and language for those whose speech is unintelligible.
■ a bridge to spoken language.
■ They require interdisciplinary assessment, coordination and monitoring.
■ Teachers, teaching assistants and therapists, schools and families can make a difference.
Discussion
■ Make a list of advantages you have noticed in a classroom or other learning environment, where a learner with a speech and language difficulty has been given either an aided or unaided means of communication.
■ Then discuss with a colleague how the educators managed to implement this specific strategy for the learner.
■ Who else was involved before it could be initiated? Was training required?
Disadvantages of AAC systems are:
■ If learners have to use their AAC system away from the rest of their school peers, the system user can feel isolated.
■ If learners cannot use their AAC system freely, but are tied to subject timetables or school terms for availability, they become less useful and less productive.
■ Limited speech and language therapy input and training.
■ Negative attitudes towards the use of AAC systems.
■ Lack of training for professionals may drastically restrict the use or effectiveness of AAC systems.
(Chinner et al., 2001: 6)
Discussion
If you know of an incident when a learners AAC system has unsuccessfully been introduced into the learning environment, identify the reasons why you feel this was not successful.
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