Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Animate and Inanimate nouns
Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adverbs
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pronouns
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
prepositions
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
conjunctions
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Phrases
Sentences
Grammar Rules
Passive and Active
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Demonstratives
Determiners
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Teaching Methods
Teaching Strategies
Assessment
Group 2: vowels exhibiting variation
المؤلف:
Ahmar Mahboob and Nadra Huma Ahmar
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
1009-59
2024-06-11
1238
+
-
20
Group 2: vowels exhibiting variation
There was some variation in the vowels in this group as realized by Pakistani speakers. These vowels are again grouped within the chart as monophthongs and diphthongs and are listed in Table 5 below. While this paper documents variation in the realization of these vowels in PakE (of native speakers of Urdu), the range and distribution of these variations within the community has not been examined.
The vowel in FOOT varies between a lax mid-high rounded back vowel, [ʊ] , and a tense high rounded back vowel, [u:]. The vowel in BATH varies between a tense low back vowel, [ɑ:], and a lax low front vowel, [æ]. The vowel in CLOTH is realized as a tense mid back vowel, [ɔ:] , a tense mid-high back vowel, [o:], or a lax mid back vowel [ɔ]. In all the three cases here, it appears that the vowels vary between a tense and a lax form. In addition, another commonality between the pronunciations of these three words is that, while some speakers of PakE use the same vowel as in RP, others have a slightly raised variant.
The diphthongs in FACE, GOAT, and GOAL in PakE vary between a diphthong and a monophthong. Whereas Rahman (1990: 25–26 and 90) suggests that monophthongisation is a general characteristic (especially in case of [eɪ] → [e:]) of PakE, data here shows that there is variation across speakers. In all three cases, two speakers (the same ones) use a diphthong while the other four use a monophthong.
The diphthongs and triphthongs in SQUARE and CURE respectively vary between being centring and closing. The centring diphthong in NEAR varies in its point of origin. One of them starts from a mid-high vowel, [ɪ] , and the other from a mid-low vowel, [e].
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
