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The long monophthongs
المؤلف:
Rajend Mesthrie
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
957-55
2024-05-27
1568
+
-
20
The long monophthongs
7. NURSE: The most usual variant is [з:], a mid-central, unrounded vowel, slightly closer than RP [з:]. A variant amongst middle-class, and mostly female speakers, is similar to RP [з:], but possibly overshooting this target to a slightly fronted and lowered equivalent. Older speakers of an Indo-European background (chiefly Bhojpuri-Hindi and Urdu) use [ε:] or [e:] here. The rounding of the NURSE vowel that one finds in some varieties of SAfE does not occur in InSAfE.
8. FLEECE: The FLEECE vowel is uniformly [i:] as in all L1 varieties of SAfE.
9. GOOSE: This vowel tends to retain a back, rounded quality [u:]; the centralized and weakly-rounded quality [u:] spreading in young peoples' L1 English worldwide is not generally part of InSAfE. Younger InSAfE speakers may well have the latter [u:] as a stylistic option. After palatalized consonants as in few, news the centralized [u:] is the norm.
10. PALM: [ɑ:] is a low back, unrounded vowel. It is neither as back as its equivalent in broad SAfE nor subject to raising or rounding.
11. THOUGHT: The usual vowel in InSAfE is [ɔ:], a half-open, weakly-rounded, back vowel. For some speakers raising to [o:] occurs in formal styles, under influence of general SAfE. A less prestigious variant involves shortening to [ɒ] in words like taught (vernacular form 
, shorts [ʃɒts], caught [kɒt], north 
). There is thus a fair amount of overlap in the membership of the sets LOT and THOUGHT. After /w/ in words like war, warm, water the usual vowel is [ɑ:], not the raised and rounded [ɔ:] of general SAfE, RP, and other varieties.
12. START: Postvocalic /r/ is not pronounced in InSAfE, the only exception being the letter r itself, which is pronounced [ɑ:r] with a weak trill. The usual vowel here is [ɑ:].
13. NORTH: The usual vowel here is [ɔ:], which is a half-open, weakly-rounded, back vowel. Raising to [o:] does not occur, except as a prestige variant for some speakers in formal styles. A less prestigious variant involves shortening to [ɒ] in words like taught, shorts, caught, north.
14. FORCE: FORCE behaves the same as NORTH. That is the usual vowel is [ɔ:], with [o:] a prestige variant in formal styles. A less prestigious variant involves shortening to [ɒ] in words like sports, horse, orphan.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
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مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
