Born: 23 June 1612 in Antwerp, Dutch Republic (now Belgium)
Died: 22 December 1660 in Antwerp, Dutch Republic (now Belgium)

Andrea Tacquet's parents were Agnes Wandelen, who came from Nuremberg, and Pierre Tacquet from Antwerp. Pierre Tacquet was a merchant who was quite well off so, although he died when Andrea was only a child, nevertheless left sufficient money for his family to live and for Andrea to have a good start in life. Andrea Tacquet was born pretty much in the middle of the Eighty Years' War which was a war of Netherlands independence from Spain. Despite the fighting, Antwerp at this time was one of the cultural capitals of Europe. Also the Antwerp Jesuits were making valuable contributions in the area of scholarship.

Andrea was educated at the Jesuit College in Antwerp, where he was described as a 'gifted but somewhat delicate child'. He entered the Jesuit Order in 1629, spending the years 1629-1631 at Malines (also known as Mechelen) which is on the Dijle River, a few miles north-northeast of Brussels. He then studied mathematics, logic and physics at Louvain from 1631 until 1635. During the last two of these four years he was a student of Gregory of Saint-Vincent. After this Tacquet, showing his versatility, spent a while teaching Greek and poetry at Bruges.

From 1640 Tacquet studied theology at Louvain while at the same time he taught mathematics there. From 1644 he taught mathematics at the college in Louvain, then at the college in Antwerp from 1645 until 1649, and again at the same college from 1655 until 1660. He spent the intervening years from 1649 to 1655 back at the college in Louvain. In this period, during which he taught mathematics, he was ordained in 1646. Throughout his life Tacquet was totally dedicated to his church and to the Jesuit Order.

Tacquet's most important work is Cylindricorum et Annularium (1651), on cylinders and rings, which followed the approach of Valerio but is largely based on the mathematics of Archimedes [1]:-

Its main importance, however, lay in its concern with questions of method. Tacquet rejected all notions that solids are composed of planes, planes of lines, and so on, except as heuristic devices for finding solutions.

In this work the ideas that the tangent and the area under a curve were inverse to each other appeared. It arises from the way that Tacquet thought of curves generated by moving points, but not actually comprising of points. Of course this idea is a early form of what would become clear when the calculus was invented, namely that the derivative and integral were inverse to each other. This book had a considerable effect on Pascal and was important in setting the scene for the invention of the calculus.

Tacquet wrote many good elementary texts designed as mathematics textbooks for Jesuit colleges. His Elementa geometriae (1654) was his most popular teaching work. This book was essentially constructed from Euclid's Elements with material from Archimedes, but that said it was a significant piece of work because of the clarity Tacquet demonstrated in presenting the material. Many editions of Elementa geometriae were produced over the next 100 years. For example 'The elements of Euclid; with select theorems out of Archimedes by ... Andrew Tacquet. ... The whole abridged and published in English by William Whiston' appeared in a third edition published in London in 1727. Palladino writes in [5] about Tacquet's Classes of measures:-

The classical definitions of ratio and proportion, defined respectively by the third and the fifth definitions of Book V of Euclid's Elements, were subjected to a rigorous examination in the seventeenth century: Among the critics and revisers of those definitions [was] André Tacquet (whose definition of 'equal reasons' has inspired generations of mathematicians). ... Tacquet devised refined procedures to figure out the 'equality of reasons' by approximation.

Tacquet also wrote the textbook Astronomia. After his death Opera mathematica was published in 1669. This major contribution contained works on astronomy, spherical trigonometry, practical geometry, and fortifications. Also included was the previously published Cylindricorum et Annularium and Astronomia.Henry Oldenburg, secretary to the Royal Society of London, wrote that it was:-

... one of the best books ever written in mathematics.

Tacquet's work was sent to Huygens and a correspondence between the two resulted. Nuchelmans writes about the topic of these discussions in [4]:-

In modern times the so-called consequentia mirabilis (if (if not-P, then P), then P) was first enthusiastically applied and commented upon by Cardan (1570) and Clavius (1574). Of later passages where it occurs, Saccheri's use (1697) has drawn a good deal of attention. It is less known that about the middle of the 17th century this remarkable mode of arguing became the subject of an interesting debate, in which the Belgian mathematician Andreas Tacquet and Christiaan Huygens were the main representatives of opposite views concerning its probative force.

Also preserved is correspondence between Tacquet and Frans van Schooten.

1. P Stromholm, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). 
   http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830904243.html

Articles:

1. H Bosmans, André Tacquet (S.J.) et son traité d'arithmétique théorique et practique, Isis 9 (1927), 66-82.
2. H Bosmans, Le Jesuite mathematicien anversois André Tacquet (1612-1660), Gulden Passer 3 (1925), 63-87.
3. G Nuchelmans, A 17th-century debate on the 'consequentia mirabilis', Hist. Philos. Logic 13 (1) (1992), 43-58.
4. F Palladino, On the theory of proportions in the seventeenth century. Two noteworthy contributions : 'Cuts of rational numbers' by the Galilean G A Borelli and 'Classes of measures' by the Jesuit A Tacquet (Italian), Nuncius Ann. Storia Sci. 6 (2) (1991), 33-81.