derivation (n.)

A term used in MORPHOLOGY to refer to one of the two main categories or processes of WORD-FORMATION (derivational morphology), the other being INFLECTION(AL); also sometimes called derivatology. These terms also apply to the two types of AFFIX involved in word-formation. Basically, the result of a derivational process is a new word (e.g. nation ⇒ national), whereas the result of an inflectional (or non-derivational) process is a different form of the same word (e.g. nations, nationals). The distinction is not totally clear-cut, however (e.g. how best to analyze -ly in English). Derivational affixes change the grammatical CLASS of MORPHEMES to which they are attached (as in SUFFIXATION, e.g. -tion is a noun-forming derivational suffix); they also usually occur closer to the ROOT morpheme than do inflections, e.g. nation-al-ize + -ing/-s/-d. Often they have independently stateable LEXICAL MEANINGS (e.g. mini-, sub-), though these are not always easy to identify (e.g. -er). The combination of root and derivational affixes is usually referred to as the STEM of the word, i.e. the ELEMENT to which inflections are attached; several modes of classification are available in the literature on this subject.

In GENERATIVE GRAMMAR, derivation refers to the set of formally identifiable stages used in generating a SENTENCE from an INITIAL SYMBOL to a TERMINAL STRING, i.e. the whole set of PHRASE-STRUCTURE, TRANSFORMATIONAL, etc., RULES which have applied. In a more restricted context, a derived structure refers to the form of an output PHRASE-MARKER, after a transformational rule has applied.

 

In HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS, derivation is used to refer to the origins or historical development of a LANGUAGE or linguistic form. Sounds, words and structures are said to be derived from corresponding FORMS in an earlier state of a language.

الاكثر قراءة في Morphology

Words and lexemes, types and tokens

Kinds of morphemes

Types of compounds

Unpredictable or partially predictable allomorphy

Predictable allomorphy

The index of synthesis and the index of fusion

Derivational and inflectional morphemes

What do affixes mean?

Morphs and allomorphs

Free and bound morphemes

Kamhmu

Productivity versus creativity

Multiple processes

Problems in morphological description

Lexical and functional morphemes

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

جمعية كشافة الكفيل: المجالس الحسينية تعلّم الفتية قيم نهضة الإمام الحسين (عليه السلام)

عَبرَ المجالس الحسينية.. المجمَع العلمي يقدّم محاضرات دينية وتلاوات قرآنية في بغداد والنجف وميسان

برعاية العتبة العباسية المقدسة.. موكب قناديل السماء يُحيي مراسم اليوم الثالث عشر من المحرّم

بعد انتهاء مراسم ذكرى دفن الأجساد الطاهرة قسم رعاية الصحن يباشر بحملة تنظيف واسعة لصحن مرقد أبي الفضل العباس (عليه السلام)

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

لكبح الجوع وخسارة الوزن.. "سر بسيط" في نظام جوكوفيتش ؟

هل يساعد الرجيم في علاج الأمراض العقلية؟

لحماية أسنان طفلك.. هذا الفيتامين يقلل خطر التسوس

أكل الطعام بسرعة.. طريق سريع إلى أمراض خطيرة

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

ما هي أفضل درجة حرارة لتكييف الهواء في السيارة؟

ذوبان الأنهار الجليدية يوقظ "عمالقة نائمة"!

9 يوليو يشهد أقصر يوم في التاريخ المسجل ؟!!

راتبه عشرات ملايين الدولارات.. زوكربرغ يخطف "عقل أبل"

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Mirror in nominal morphology

Appendix 2: Hapax legomena from the Cobuild corpus

Appendix 1: 20th century neologisms from the OED

Morphological Productivity Structural Constraints in English Derivation Conclusion

Verbal derivation and the separation hypothesis

The separation hypothesis

Theoretical implications: Against the separation of form and meaning in morphology

Rival morphological processes 4: Where have all the rivals gone? Summary

Conversion vs. -ize, -ify and -ate

Rival morphological processes -ize vs. -ate

Rival morphological processes -ize vs. -ify

Rival morphological processes 4: Where have all the rivals gone?