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In most modern literature, a Boolean model is a probabilistic model of continuum percolation theory characterized by the existence of a stationary point process and a random variable which independently determine the centers and the random radii of a collection of closed balls in for some .
In this case, the model is said to be driven by .
Worth noting is that the most intuitive ideas about constructing a feasible model using and often lead to unexpected and undesirable results (Meester and Roy 1996). For that reason, some more sophisticated machinery and quite a bit of care is needed to translate from the language of and into a reasonable model of continuum percolation. The formal construction is as follows.
Let be a stationary point process as discussed above and suppose that is defined on a probability space . Next, define the space to be the product space
(1) |
and define associated to the usual product sigma-algebra and product measure where here, all the marginal probabilities are given by some probability measure on . Finally, define , equip with the product measure and usual product -algebra. Under this construction, a Boolean model is a measurable mapping from into defined by
(2) |
where here, denotes the set of all counting measures on the -algebra of Borel sets in which assign finite measure to all bounded Borel sets and which assign values of at most 1 to points .
One then transitions to percolation by first defining the collection of so-called binary cubes of order
(3) |
for all , , and by noting that each point is contained in a unique binary cube of order . Moreover, for each , there is a unique smallest number such that contains no other points of -almost surely. This fact allows one to define the radius of the ball centered at to be
(4) |
where is the notation used to denote an element . Using this construction, one gets a collection of overlapping -dimensional closed spheres whose radii are independent of the point process and for which different points have balls with independent and identically-distributed radii.
It is not uncommon for a general Boolean model constructed in this way to be denoted or , interchangeably. In the particular instance that is a Poisson process with density , the measure is sometimes written while the probability of an event is then written or interchangeably.
In Boolean models, the space is partitioned into two regions, namely the occupied region-the subset of covered by at least one ball, denoted -and its complement, the vacant region. These two regions are similar in that both consist of connected components (the occupied components and the vacant components, respectively) and the notation is used to denote the union of all occupied components having non-empty intersection with a subset . For , the notation is used, and in the event of vacancy, the same notation is used throughout with instead of . Two points which are in the same occupied component are said to be connected in the occupied region, sometimes denoted
(5) |
Connectedness in the vacant region is defined analogously and denoted
(6) |
If for some and are in the same occupied, respectively vacant, component of , respectively of , the notation in , respectively in is used.
The above figure illustrates a realization of a Boolean model, illustrating some of the terminology related to thereto. In this figure, the shaded region is while the darker shaded region is . Note that is empty due to the fact that is non-empty. Moreover, the path joining and lies entirely in ; this indicates that are in the same vacant component of , whereby it follows that in .
Historically, the term Boolean model was also used to refer to what's now known as the Boolean-Poisson model (Hanisch 1981).
Hanisch, K. H. "On Classes of Random Sets and Point Process Models." Serdica Bulgariacae Mathematicae Publicationes 7, 160-166, 1981.
Meester, R. and Roy, R. Continuum Percolation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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دراسة يابانية لتقليل مخاطر أمراض المواليد منخفضي الوزن
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اكتشاف أكبر مرجان في العالم قبالة سواحل جزر سليمان
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اتحاد كليات الطب الملكية البريطانية يشيد بالمستوى العلمي لطلبة جامعة العميد وبيئتها التعليمية
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