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Date: 28-2-2021
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The distribution for the sum of
uniform variates on the interval
can be found directly as
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(1) |
where is a delta function.
A more elegant approach uses the characteristic function to obtain
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(2) |
where the Fourier parameters are taken as . The first few values of
are then given by
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(3) |
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(4) |
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(5) |
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(6) |
illustrated above.
Interestingly, the expected number of picks of a number
from a uniform distribution on
so that the sum
exceeds 1 is e (Derbyshire 2004, pp. 366-367). This can be demonstrated by noting that the probability of the sum of
variates being greater than 1 while the sum of
variates being less than 1 is
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(7) |
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(8) |
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(9) |
The values for , 2, ... are 0, 1/2, 1/3, 1/8, 1/30, 1/144, 1/840, 1/5760, 1/45360, ... (OEIS A001048). The expected number of picks needed to first exceed 1 is then simply
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(10) |
It is more complicated to compute the expected number of picks that is needed for their sum to first exceed 2. In this case,
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(11) |
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(12) |
The first few terms are therefore 0, 0, 1/6, 1/3, 11/40, 13/90, 19/336, 1/56, 247/51840, 251/226800, ... (OEIS A090137 and A090138). The expected number of picks needed to first exceed 2 is then simply
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(13) |
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(14) |
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(15) |
The following table summarizes the expected number of picks for the sum to first exceed an integer
(OEIS A089087). A closed form is given by
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(16) |
(Uspensky 1937, p. 278).
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OEIS | approximate |
1 | ![]() |
A001113 | 2.71828182... |
2 | ![]() |
A090142 | 4.67077427... |
3 | ![]() |
A090143 | 6.66656563... |
4 | ![]() |
A089139 | 8.66660449... |
5 | ![]() |
A090611 | 10.66666206... |
REFERENCES:
Derbyshire, J. Prime Obsession: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics. New York: Penguin, 2004.
Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A001048/M0890, A001113/M1727, A089087, A089139, A090137, A090138, A090142, A090143, and A090611 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."
Uspensky, J. V. Introduction to Mathematical Probability. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1937.
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هل يمكن أن تكون الطماطم مفتاح الوقاية من السرطان؟
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اكتشاف عرائس"غريبة" عمرها 2400 عام على قمة هرم بالسلفادور
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جامعة الكفيل تقيم ندوة علمية عن الاعتماد الأكاديمي في جامعة جابر بن حيّان
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