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Date: 1-3-2021
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Date: 3-3-2021
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Half-metals
These oddly named materials are ferromagnets with electrons of only one spin polarization at the Fermi level. Cobalt and nickel are not half-metals because of the presence of the 4s electrons at εF which are not fully spin-polarized. Indeed, no ferromagnetic element is a half-metal. It is necessary to form a compound where the 4s electrons can be removed from the vicinity of the Fermi energy by charge transfer or hybridization. Examples include the oxide CrO2 and the ordered intermetallic compound MnNiSb. The characteristic feature of a half-metal is a spin gap in the ↑ or ↓ density of states at εF . Furthermore, the spin moment per formula unit in a stoichiometric half-metallic compound is an integral number of Bohr magnetons. This is because there are an integral number N↑ + N↓ of electrons per formula unit, and the band with the spin gap must contain an integral number of N↑ (or N↓) electrons, hence N↑ − N↓ is also an integer. Spin-orbit interaction tends to destroy half-metallicity by mixing ↑ and ↓ states
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مخاطر خفية لمكون شائع في مشروبات الطاقة والمكملات الغذائية
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"آبل" تشغّل نظامها الجديد للذكاء الاصطناعي على أجهزتها
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تستخدم لأول مرة... مستشفى الإمام زين العابدين (ع) التابع للعتبة الحسينية يعتمد تقنيات حديثة في تثبيت الكسور المعقدة
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