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Date: 21-7-2020
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Date: 19-12-2015
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Date: 10-5-2020
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AX3 Molecules: CO32−
1. The central atom, carbon, has four valence electrons, and each oxygen atom has six valence electrons. As you learned previously, the Lewis electron structure of one of three resonance forms is represented as
2. The structure of CO32− is a resonance hybrid. It has three identical bonds, each with a bond order of 113
. We minimize repulsions by placing the three groups 120° apart (Figure 9.2.2
).
3. All electron groups are bonding pairs (BP). With three bonding groups around the central atom, the structure is designated as AX3.
4. We see from Figure 9.2.3
that the molecular geometry of CO32− is trigonal planar with bond angles of 120°.
In our next example we encounter the effects of lone pairs and multiple bonds on molecular geometry for the first time.
One of the limitations of Lewis structures is that they depict molecules and ions in only two dimensions. With four electron groups, we must learn to show molecules and ions in three dimensions.
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دراسة يابانية لتقليل مخاطر أمراض المواليد منخفضي الوزن
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اكتشاف أكبر مرجان في العالم قبالة سواحل جزر سليمان
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المجمع العلمي ينظّم ندوة حوارية حول مفهوم العولمة الرقمية في بابل
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