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المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية

Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective

Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences

Clauses

Part of Speech

Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners

Direct and Indirect speech

Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics

Applied Linguistics

Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced

Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment

قم بتسجيل الدخول اولاً لكي يتسنى لك الاعجاب والتعليق.

Researching the Effectiveness of Professional Development in Pragmatics CONCLUSIONS

المؤلف:  Lynda Yates & Gillian Wigglesworth

المصدر:  Applied Linguistics and Language Teacher Education

الجزء والصفحة:  P277-C15

2026-09-04

13

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Researching the Effectiveness of Professional Development in Pragmatics

CONCLUSIONS

We ourselves have gained a great deal from this project. We have learned more, not only about how native speakers and non-native speakers conduct complex requests, but also about how this knowledge relates to other knowledge about language and teaching. The positive responses of teachers in both phases have encouraged us in our belief that projects of this kind can be, not only of substantive, but also of pedagogical and curricular relevance to the daily practice of teachers. This we have found motivating.

 

Moreover, our experiences on this project have highlighted the fact that investigating teacher responses to professional development is even more complex and more challenging than investigating teacher responses to more formal applied linguistics courses. For reasons of cost and time effectiveness, much professional development will be of the discreet, workshop variety undertaken in phase two of this project. As we have seen, it is difficult to investigate the impact of this type of activity in any depth, since contact with the teachers during and after the workshops is limited. These circumstances challenge applied linguists to find new ways of investigating the effectiveness of what they do. Ideally, in any future project of this type, our preference would be to offer a series of workshops so that the teachers can interact with the content over a longer period, and so that we are in a better position to collect their reactions. As a minimum, we will try to ensure that teachers attend at least two workshops, with the second acting and as feedback, question and further input session. Either way, our experiences on this project have persuaded us that it is worth building into our work ways of investigating the impact of what we do.

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