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Lung neuroendocrine tumours : Clinical Features

المؤلف:  Wass, J. A. H., Arlt, W., & Semple, R. K. (Eds.).

المصدر:  Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes

الجزء والصفحة:  3rd edition , p981-982

2026-08-22

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The majority of lung NETs are found incidentally or diagnosed postoperatively. ACs are often peripherally located, and majority of patients are therefore asymptomatic. On the other hand, TCs tend to be more centrally located and thus may report obstructive symptoms. Despite this, lung carcinoids can occur anywhere in the lung parenchyma and in general, and remain difficult to diagnose. In most instances, patients report non- specific symptoms such as dyspnoea, wheeze, chest discomfort, haemoptysis, and re current chest infections. As a result, many patients tend to have advanced disease at diagnosis. A recent study estimated the median time to diagnosis of lung NET from being initially symptomatic was reported to be 2 years.

It is important to be aware that while uncommon, a small pro portion (1– 5%) of cases may present with carcinoid syndrome, and this can be independent of the presence of liver metastases. In even rarer circumstances, lung NETs may be discovered as part of other syndromes such as Cushing’s syndrome (~40% of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production are from lung carcinoids) (1– 6%), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN- 1) associated forms (less than 5%) especially among those with a strong family history, and acromegaly due to ectopic release of growth hormone- releasing hormone (GHRH) or insulin- like growth factor- 1 (IGF- 1) (very rare).