Vibration of Air Columns
المؤلف:
GEORGE A. HOADLEY
المصدر:
ESSENTIALS OF PHYSICS
الجزء والصفحة:
p-224
2025-11-19
58
In most musical instruments called wind instruments, the tones are produced by the vibrations of columns of air, of different lengths. There are three classes of mouthpieces, by means of which the air is put into vibration in wind instruments.
In the first class the air is blown across the sharp edge of an opening, as in the whistle, the organ pipe (Fig. 1), and the flute.
In the second class the air is blown past a thin, flat tongue called a reed, which by its vibration opens and closes the opening into the air column. The striking reed (Fig. 2, A), used in the clarinet, closes the opening by striking upon its edges; the free reed (Fig. 2, B), used in the accordion and reed organ, nearly closes the opening by vibrating back and forth through it.
In the third class of wind instruments the lips are generally used as vibrating membranes through which the air is blown into the instrument. Figure 3 Shows the instrument of a trumpet .
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