A system has been established in which viruses are separated into major groupings—called families—on the basis of virion morphology, genome structure, and strategies of replication. Virus family names have the suffix -viridae. Table 1 sets forth a convenient scheme used for classification. Diagrams of animal virus families are shown in Figure 1.

Table1. Families of Animal Viruses That Contain Members Able to Infect Humans

Fig1. Shapes and relative sizes of animal viruses of families that infect vertebrates. In some diagrams, certain internal structures of the particles are represented. Only those families that include human pathogens are listed in Table 29-1 and described in the text. (Reproduced with permission from van Regenmortel MHV, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, et al [editors]: Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, 2000.)

Within each family, subdivisions called genera are usually based on biological, genomic, physicochemical, or serologic differences. Criteria used to define genera vary from family to family. Genus names carry the suffix -virus. In several families (Herpesviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, Poxviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae), a larger grouping called subfamilies has been defined, reflecting the complexity of relationships among member viruses. Virus orders may be used to group virus families that share common characteristics. For example, order Mononegavirales encompasses the Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae families. As of 2017, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses had organized more than 4400 virus species into 122 families and 735 genera.

Properties of the major families of animal viruses that contain members important in human disease are summarized in Table 1. They are discussed briefly below in the order shown in Table 1 and are considered in greater detail in the chapters that follow.

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مواضيع ذات صلة

Chemical Composition of Viruses

Survey of RNA-Containing Viruses

Survey of DNA-Containing Virus Families

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV)

Complications of Influenza virus

Influenza virus

Chikungunya virus

West Nile virus

Transmission Cycle of Japanese encephalitis virus

Lab Diagnosis of Dengue virus

Pathogenesis of Dengue virus

Rotavirus