Selectivity
المؤلف:
Peter Atkins, Tina Overton, Jonathan Rourke, Mark Weller, and Fraser Armstrong
المصدر:
Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry ,5th E
الجزء والصفحة:
694
2025-10-16
345
Selectivity
Key point: A selective catalyst yields a high proportion of the desired product with minimum amounts of side products. Aselective catalyst yields a high proportion of the desired product with minimum amounts of side products. In industry, there is considerable economic incentive to develop selective catalysts. For example, when metallic silver is used to catalyse the oxidation of ethene with oxygen to produce oxirane (ethylene oxide, 1), the reaction is accompanied by the more thermodynamically favoured but undesirable formation of CO2 and H2O. This lack of selectivity increases the consumption of ethene, so chemists are constantly trying to devise a more selective catalyst for oxirane synthesis. Selectivity can be ignored in only a very few simple inorganic reactions, where there is essentially only one thermodynamically favourable product, as in the formation of NH3 from H2 and N2. One area where selectivity is of considerable and growing importance is asymmetric synthesis, where only one enantiomer of a particular compound is required and catalysts may be designed to produce one chiral form in preference to any others.
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