Cancer Immunotherapy
المؤلف:
APURBA S. SASTRY , SANDHYA BHAT
المصدر:
Essentials Of Medical Microbiology 2021
الجزء والصفحة:
3rd edition , p219
2025-10-13
350
Cancer immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Three main groups of immunotherapy are used to treat cancers: cell-based therapies, antibody therapies and cytokine therapies. They all provoke the immune system to attack the tumor cells by using these cancer antigens as targets.
Cell-based Therapies
Cell-based therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from patients with cancer, either from the blood or from a tumor →immune cells specific for the tumor will be activated, grown and returned to the person with cancer →where the immune cells provoke an immune response against the cancer.
- Cell types that can be used in cancer vaccines include NK cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells
- The only cell-based therapy currently approved for use is dendritic cells (Provenge) for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies are currently the most successful form of immunotherapy. Many mAbs are approved for treatments of a wide range of cancers (Table 1).
Table1. Monoclonal antibodies approved for treatment of cancers.
Cytokine Therapies
Administration of cytokines can regulate and coordinate the behavior of the immune system. Examples include:
- Interferon α: It is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukemia and malignant melanoma
- Interleukin-2: It is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
Cancer vaccine
They are used for treatment of existing cancers or prevention of emergence of new cancers.
- Preventive cancer vaccines: Examples of HPV vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine will prevent the emergence cervical and liver cancers, respectively
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines: They are used to treat existing cancers. Research is ongoing for preparation of such vaccines. Vaccines against some oncogenic viruses have proven extremely effective.
الاكثر قراءة في المناعة
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
