Alkaloids are made by amino acid metabolism
المؤلف:
Jonathan Clayden , Nick Greeves , Stuart Warren
المصدر:
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
الجزء والصفحة:
1156
2025-08-14
462
Alkaloids are made by amino acid metabolism
Alkaloids were known in ancient times because they are easy to extract from plants and some of them have powerful and deadly effects. Any plant contains thousands of chemical compounds, but some plants, like the deadly nightshade, can be mashed up and extracted with aqueous acid to give a few compounds soluble in that medium, which precipitate on neutralization. These compounds were seen to be ‘like alkali’ and in 1819 Meissner, the apothecary from Halle, named them ‘alkaloids’. Lucrezia Borgia already knew all about this and put the deadly nightshade extract atropine in her eyes (to make her look beautiful: atropine dilates the pupils) and in the drinks of her political adversaries to avoid any trouble in the future. Now, we would simply say that they are basic because they are amines. Below is a selection with the basic amino groups marked in black. Natural products are often named by a combination of the name of the organism from which they are isolated and a chemical part name. These compounds are all amines so all their names end in‘-ine’. They appear very diverse in structure but all are made in nature from amino acids.
الاكثر قراءة في مواضيع عامة في الكيمياء العضوية
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اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
