Antibody Responses
المؤلف:
Stefan Riedel, Jeffery A. Hobden, Steve Miller, Stephen A. Morse, Timothy A. Mietzner, Barbara Detrick, Thomas G. Mitchell, Judy A. Sakanari, Peter Hotez, Rojelio Mejia
المصدر:
Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology
الجزء والصفحة:
28e , p139
2025-07-19
494
A. The Primary Response
When an individual encounters an antigen for the first time, the antibody produced in response to that antigen is detectable in the serum within days or weeks. This time can vary depending on the nature and dose of the antigen and the route of administration (eg, oral, parenteral). The serum anti body concentration continues to rise for several weeks and then declines; the antibody level may drop to very low levels (Figure 1). The first antibodies produced are IgM. Then, IgG, IgA, or both Ig are made. IgM levels tend to decline sooner than IgG levels.
Fig1. Rate of antibody production following initial antigen administration and a second “booster” injection.
B. The Secondary Response
In the event of a second encounter with the same antigen months or years after the primary response, the second antibody response is more rapid and generates higher levels than during the primary response (Figure 1). This change in response is attributed to the persistence of antigen-sensitive memory cells that were generated during the primary immune response. In the secondary response, the amount of IgM produced is qualitatively similar to that produced after the first contact with the antigen; however, more IgG is produced, and the level of IgG tends to persist much longer than that produced in the primary response. Furthermore, such antibody tends to bind antigen more firmly (with higher affinity) and thus to dissociate less easily.
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