How the equilibrium constant varies with the difference in energy between reactants and products
المؤلف:
Jonathan Clayden , Nick Greeves , Stuart Warren
المصدر:
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
الجزء والصفحة:
ص243
2025-05-15
599
You saw that when the energies of the two forms of the amide were the same, the equilibrium constant for their interconversion must be K = 1. When one was higher in energy than the other, we just said that K was ‘large’. But we can be more specifi c. For any reaction in equilibrium, the equilibrium constant K is related to the difference in energy between the starting materials and the products by the following equation:
ΔG = –RTlnK
where ΔG (the free energy of the reaction) is the difference in energy between the two states (in kJ mol−1), T is the temperature (in kelvin, not °C), and R is a constant known as the gas constant and equal to 8.314 J K−1 mol−1. This equation tells us that we can work out the equilibrium composition (how much of each component there is at equilibrium) provided we know the difference in energy between the products and reactants.
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