

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Diphthongs PRICE
المؤلف:
Clive Upton
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
1067-63
2024-06-20
1349
Diphthongs
PRICE
A wide range of open onsets can be identified for this diphthong, although, with the exception of British Creole with two diphthongs [ɑε/ɑe], end-points are at the front close position. [aɪ] , typical of traditional RP, is recorded in Orkney and Shetland, Southern Ireland, Wales, Northern and Midland England: a higher onset, at [æ], occurs in the Rural West of Ireland, and yet higher, at [ε], in the Rural North of Ireland and for some North of England speakers. In Southern England and the Channel Islands, among younger East Anglian speakers, and in Fashionable Dublin speech, [ɑɪ] , with a lip-spread back open onset, is heard. A lip-rounded back open position, [ɒ] , is the start for the diphthong for some West Midland ([ɒɪ/ɔɪ]),Cockney (London), and Channel Island speakers, and is a stereotyped feature for South-west England.
Current RP, along with Standard Scottish English and some Channel Islands speech, has [Λɪ]. The diphthong begins centrally, with [ɐ,з,ə], for some speakers on Shetland, in Urban Scots, in Popular Dublin speech, and amongst older East Anglians. Monophthongal [a:] has been reported for Devon in South-west England, and [ɑ:] is a feature of south and west Yorkshire (as well as the East Midlands immediately to the south of that area), while [i:] is characteristic of the pronunciation of some words in this set, such as right and night in Yorkshire and North-east England.
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قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
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