

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Phonology of IndE Overview of previous studies
المؤلف:
Ravinder Gargesh
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
992-58
2024-06-04
1231
Phonology of IndE Overview of previous studies
Work on the phonetics and phonology of Indian English can be divided into five broad categories. The first category consists of works describing the phonetic aspects of IndE (e.g. Bansal 1978). The second category comprises studies that compare the sound system of RP with an Indian language and in the process involve a variety of IndE (e.g. with Tamil - Balasubramanian 1972). In the third category occur works which contrast RP with a regional variety of IndE (Marathi English – Kelkar 1957). The fourth category consists of works that study the perception and intelligibility of IndE (e.g. Bansal 1978). The fifth category consists of scholars who focus on the study of IndE in sociolinguistic contexts (e.g. Agnihotri 1991). In this process significant phonological patterns have been highlighted by Nihalani, Tongue and Hosali (1979), Kachru (1982: 359), Trudgill and Hannah (1982: 105) and others. The view emerging from most of these studies is that IndE is largely shaped by the phonological patterns of the respective mother tongues and that this process needs to be studied in depth. The description of IndE in the present work is based on tape recordings carried out in 2003 and 2004. The elicited data consists of word lists of Wells (1982) and Foulkes and Docherty (1999), a reading passage and a stretch of free conversation by speakers of IndE from various parts of the country. Since there is a large transferring or migrating population in Delhi, the entire recording was done in this capital city. For the analysis this work will first enumerate the distinctive sounds of IndE and then go on to look at the major phonological processes, and the principles of word accentuation and intonation.
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اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)