

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

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Advanced


Teaching Methods

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Assessment
Vowel sounds with restricted distribution
المؤلف:
Thaddeus Menang
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
913-51
2024-05-18
1261
Vowel sounds with restricted distribution
Some of the mergers and restructuring of vowels and diphthongs reported above are not generally found in the Kamtok of English-Kamtok bilinguals. The resurfacing of these sounds in regular Kamtok speech arises from the very close contact that exists between the two languages in the English-speaking provinces of Cameroon which are home to mainstream Kamtok. The presence of such sounds in Kamtok speech constitute a kind of linguistic interference, though some of the sounds have also been found in the Kamtok of those whose knowledge and use of English are not confirmed. Thus, the close contact that exists between English and Kamtok may be leaving more permanent marks on the latter. On the one hand, diphthong-like combinations of vowels such as /ai/, /ɔi/ , /au/ and /ia/ are seen to occur in the same word positions as the English diphthongs /aɪ/ , /ɔɪ/ , /aʊ/ and /iə/ respectively:

On the other hand, the Kamtok vowel /e/ is being “split” to produce /ε/ and /ə/ which had earlier been merged to produce it. Hence, instead of having a word like /bet/ stand for both English bed and bird, some Kamtok users regularly distinguish between /bεd/ and /bəd/, leaving the vowel /e/ to occur mostly in place of English /eɪ/. These trends certainly deserve more attention from future researchers.
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الآخبار الصحية

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)