METHANE (CH4)

   Methane is the first member of the alkane series and is the main component of natural gas. It is also a by-product in all gas streams from processing crude oils. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is lighter than air. Table below shows selected physical properties of C1–C4 paraffinic hydrocarbon gases.

  As a chemical compound, methane is not very reactive. It does not react with acids or bases under normal conditions. It reacts, however, with a limited number of reagents such as oxygen and chlorine under specific conditions. For example, it is partially oxidized with a limited amount of oxygen to a carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture at high temperatures in presence of a catalyst.

  Methane is mainly used as a clean fuel gas. Approximately one million BTU are obtained by burning 1,000 ft3 of dry natural gas (methane). It is also an important source for carbon black. Methane may be liquefied under very high pressures and low temperatures.  Liquefaction of natural gas (methane), allows its transportation to long distances through cryogenic tankers.